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Read through the material below, then test your understanding.
Module Lessons
Common Plumbing Processes
Basic Hand Tools
Specialist Plumbing Tools
Power Tools
Copper Tube Specifications
Machine Bending Copper
Spring Bending Copper
Soldered Capillary Joints
Compression and Press-Fit Joints
Low Carbon Steel (LCS) Pipework
Jointing LCS Pipe
Plastic Pressure Pipe (PE & PB-1)
Jointing Plastic Pressure Pipe
Sanitation Plastics (PVCu, ABS, PP)
Jointing Sanitation Plastics
Preparation of the Work Area
Notching and Drilling Joists
Pipe Clips, Brackets, and Fixings
Installation Techniques
Testing and Commissioning
Lesson Overview
Spring bending uses tempered steel springs to support copper tube walls during manual manipulation. This technique enables customised, variable-radius bends and concentric pipework sets on tubes up to 22 mm.
Learning Objectives
Identify the types, standards, and size limitations of internal and external bending springs.
Explain the annealing process required to soften half-hard copper tube before forming.
Calculate the bend radius, mark out, and fabricate accurate 90° and concentric spring bends.
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